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Indian Spices |
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Indian Spices > Black Pepper |
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Name -
Black Pepper
Plant Family -
Piperaceae (pepper
family).
Sensoric quality -
Pungent and aromatic.
The pungency is strongest in white pepper and weakest in green
pepper, while black and green pepper are more aromatic than the
white one. |
Origin -
Black pepper is native to
Malabar, a region in the Western Coast of South India; today, this
region belongs to the union state Kerala. Pepper is cultivated since
millennia. The wild form has not yet been unambigously identified,
but there are closely related pepper species in South India and
Burma. While black and white pepper were already known in antiquity,
but green pepper (and even more, red pepper) is a recent invention.
Pepper reached South East Asia more than two thousand years ago and
is grown in Malaysia and Indonesia since about that time. In the
last decades of the 20.th century, pepper production increased
dramatically as new plantations were founded in Thailand, Vietnam,
China and Sri Lanka. In the New World, Brazil is the only important
producer; pepper plantations there go back to the 1930s.
Black pepper leaf and unripe fruits
The most important producers are India before Indonesia, which
together account for about 50% of the whole production volume.
In trade, the pepper grades are identified by their origin. The most
important Indian grades are Malabar and Tellicherry (Thalassery).
The Malabar grade is regular black pepper with a slightly greenish
hue, while Tellicherry is a special product (see below). Both Indian
black peppers, but especially the Tellicherry grade, are very
aromatic and pungent. In the past, Malabar pepper was also traded
under names like Goa or Aleppi. Cochin is the pepper trade center in
India.
In South East Asia, the most reputated proveniences for black pepper
are Sarawak in insular Malaysia and Lampong from Sumatra/Indonesia.
Both produce small-fruited black pepper that takes on a greyish
colour during storage; both have a less-developed aroma, but Lampong
pepper is pretty hot. Sarawak pepper is mild and often described
fruity. Black pepper from other countries where it has been
introduced to more recently is named after the trade center
(Bangkok, Saigon); these proveniences are less valued, as they vary
in heat and lack the complex aroma found in Indian and (to lesser
degree) Malesian cultivars. |
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